Põnevaid fakte kvartsidest
Üks kõige levinum poolvääriskivide perekond on kahtlemata kvarts. Kuigi oma ehituselt ja koostiselt lihtne (SiO2), võib ta olla väga kauni ja väga erineva välimusega. Kvartside hulgas on läbipaistvaid ja läbipaistmatuid, valgeid, musti, roosasid ja palju muid värvi teisendeid. Kuigi igaüks neist kannab erinevat nimetust ja on mõnevõrra erinevate omadustega, siis keemiliselt koostiselt neil praktiliselt vahet pole.
Kas teadsid, et sarnane koostis on ka rannaliival ja aknaklaasil?
Kuid klaasi ja kvartsi vahel on suur erinevus selle poolest, et kvartsikristalli käes hoides jääb see tükiks ajaks jahedaks, klaas aga muutub ruttu soojaks. Selle põhjus on see, et kvarts on kristalne, klaas aga amorfne aine. Kvartsi soojusjuhtivus on palju parem, mistõttu käte soojus läheb mööda kristalli laiali, klaasil soojeneb aga ainult pind.
Tänu sellele omadusele võis leida muistete rikaste roomlaste majades palju kristallkuule, millega palaval ajal käsi ja otsaesist jahutati. Kvartskuulide hind oli väga kõrge, sest nende valmistamine oli üsna keerukas. Raske oli ka leida suuremate mõõtmetega puhast kristalli.
Ühe suurima, Birma mäekristallist valmistatud kvartskuuli diameeter on 75 cm. Washingtoni Loodusajaloo muuseumis on 48,42 kg raskune ja 32,7 cm läbimõõduga ideaalselt puhas kvartskuul. Üle 15 cm läbimõõduga puhtaid kristallkuule kohtab üsna harva, kuigi vanadel roomlastel olid need üsna tavalised.
Mäekristallist on valmistatud ka vanimad teadaolevad prillid. Väljakaevamistel on leitud u 3000 – 1100 eKr mäekristallist poolkerasid ja lamekumerläätsi, mida kasutati väikeste esemete vaatlemiseks. Viiteid lihvitud mäekristallide nägemist parandavatele omadustele võib leida paljude antiikautorite teostest.
Ühest suurest mäekristalli tükist on meisterdatud suuri esemeid, näiteks vaase, kujusid, muusikariistu, samovare jne. Kuigi leitud on tonnideraskusi kvartsikristalle, on sellised siiski väga haruldased. Unikaalseiks võib pidada juba 15 – 20 kg kaaluga kristalle ja nende kobaraid.
Vaata ka:
Suitskvarts ja temast veelgi tumedam morion
Turmaliin + kvarts = turmaliinkvarts
Mediteerimine kvartsikristallidega
See tuntud ja tundmatu mäekristall
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